Chapter 3- Mechanics, Statics - part 1

Mechanic- Static refer to several other topics in Physics. This including:

A.  FORCES
B.  VECTORS & SCALARS
C.  TURNING FORCES
D.  COUPLES
E.  CENTRE  OF GRAVITY & CENTRE OF MASS
F.   STRESS, STRAIN & ELASTICITY
G.   PRESSURE AND BUOYANCY

FORCES  

We must start this section by asking what a force is?  The word force generally denotes a push or a pull.
go through the slides below:

EASA part66 Examination Questions

Here are some sample EASA paper for few modules:

Kindly click  the name of modules to see the questions. 

Practice make your learning process so perfect!

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Module 5-Digital Techniques 

Module 6- Material & Hardware  

Module 7-Maintenance Practice  

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EASA sample QA-Matter

 Here are some sample of MCQ for chapter MATTER.

 

CAREER OPPORTUNITIES

CAREER OPPORTUNITIES IN AERONAUTICAL MAINTENANCE ENGINEERING

The Work Of An Aircraft Engineer

Aircraft Engineers are employed throughout the aviation industry in a wide range of facilities maintaining, modifying and overhauling various types of aircraft. The work is diverse very disciplined and is regulated in Europe by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), etc.

The course aims are to provide a comprehensive coverage of engineering together with an introduction to avionics, aircraft structures, jet engines and systems.

This challenging career demands a high level of commitment from the successful candidate. The Aircraft Maintenance Engineer involves two disciplines, Avionics and Mechanical.

The course covers a very broad range of subjects including Airframes and Jet Engines with associated mechanical and avionics systems, aircraft structures/sheet metal and composite materials, physics, mathematics, technical drawing, workshop technology and practice avionics.

Before Seeking A Career In Aircraft Maintenance

1. Visit a facility and see the type of work being done in which you are interested.
2. Ask employees, qualified engineers about the work involved and the commitment needed.
3. Read about the trade or subject before completing the application form. An interest in aviation is welcome but not a requirement.
4. Seek advice from your parents and career guidance counselor.

 

chapter 2- matter (part 3)

States of matter

All matters exists in one of three states -- Solid, Liquid or Gas. The following characterizes the three states:

Solid

1. The greatest forces of attraction are between the particles in a solid and they pack together in a neat and ordered arrangement.
2. The particles are too strongly held together to allow movement from place to place but the particles vibrate about there position in the structure.
3. With increase in temperature, the particles vibrate faster and more strongly as they gain kinetic energy.

The Properties of a Solid

• Solids have the greatest density (heaviest) because the particles are closest together.
• Solids cannot flow freely like gases or liquids because the particles are strongly held in fixed positions.
• Solids have fixed surface and volume (at a particular temperature) because of the strong particle attraction.
• Solids are extremely difficult to compress because there is no real “empty” space between the particles.
• Solids will expand a little on heating but nothing like as much as liquids because of the greater particle attraction restricting the expansion (contract on cooling). The expansion is caused by the increased strength of particle vibration.

 The Properties of a Liquid

• Liquids have a much greater density than gases (heavier) because the particles are much closer together.
• Liquids flow freely despite the forces of attraction between the particles but liquids are not as fluid as gases.
• Liquids have a surface, and a fixed volume (at a particular temperature) because of the increased particle attraction, but the shape is not fixed and is merely that of the container itself.
• Liquids are not readily compressed because of the lack of empty space between the particles.
• Liquids will expand on heating (contract on cooling) but nothing like as much as gases because of the greater particle attraction restricting the expansion.
• When heated, the liquid particles gain kinetic energy and hit the sides of the container more frequently, and more significantly, they hit with a greater force,so in a sealed container the pressure produced can be considerable.

The Properties of a Gas

• Gases have a low density (light) because the particles are so spaced out in the container (density = Mass ÷Volume).
• Gases flow freely because there are no effective forces of attraction between the particles.
• Gases have no surface, and no fixed shape or volume, and because of lack of particle attraction, they spread out and fill any container.
• Gases are readily compressed because of the empty space between the particles.
• If the container volume can change, gases readily expand on heating because of the lack of particle attraction, and readily contract on cooling. On heating, gas particles gain kinetic energy and hit the sides of the container more frequently, and more significantly, they hit with a greater force. Depending on the container situation, either or both of the pressure or volume will increase (reverse on
  cooling).
• The natural rapid and random movement of the particles means that gases readily spread or diffuse. Diffusion is fastest in gases where there is more space for them to move and the rate of diffusion increases with increase temperature.

chapter 2-matter (part 2)

In order to fully understand the mechanisms of bonding you will need to be aware of one or two
important facts about the atom and the relationship between the type of bond and the periodic
table of the elements.

chemical element can be found in the PERIODIC TABLE. Scientifically, there are 92 naturally 

occurring element inside the table. The rest are man made. A simple Periodic Table 

gives information about Proton No .

Molecules & Compound

 

 NOTES: Ionic compound will form ionic bonding & covalent compound will form covalent bonding.

In Part 3, you will be informed the existence of the THREE states of Matter & its properties. 

chapter 2-matter (part 1)

• Physics is the study of both matter and energy, in an attempt to understand how the physical world around us works. Matter is what everything is made of. 

• Matter can be either a solid, liquid or gaseous state. Any substance made from matter will take one of these forms, however, substances can readily change states with the addition or removal of energy. 

• An example of this is water, which at room temperature is liquid, but becomes a solid (ice), when cooled (energy removed) but can also become a gas (steam) when heated (energy added).

Slides below show you the outlines for this chapter:

First, let us look on definition of matter and conservation of matter:

Atoms are made up of a central core (Nucleus) which is made up of two types of particle: The Proton, which carries a positive electrical charge and the Neutron, which is electrically neutral. Both Protons and Neutrons have nearly the same mass 1.67 x E27Kg.

The electrons are arranged in energy levels or shells around the nucleus and with increasing distance from the nucleus. The shells are lettered from the innermost shell outwards from K to Q. There are rules about the maximum number of electrons allowed in each shell.

If the orbit number is “n”, then the maximum electrons held in the orbit is given as 2n^2.

The valance orbit of any atom is the outer most orbit (shell) of that atom. The electrons in this valance orbit are known as valance electrons. All atoms desire to have their valance orbit completely full of electrons, and the fewer valance electrons in an atom, the easier it will accept extra electrons.

In Part 2, You will be informed about compound, bonding and states of matter.

chapter 1-Measurement

chapter 1- measurement

The aeronautical engineer is required to be conversant with the basic laws of Physics. In additions with the laws and application, he/she must also be familiar with the unit in common used, both SI and fps.

The system of measurement used will determine the unit of quantity.Lets start with SI base unit. Since secondary school, you have been taught there are five (5) basic quantity. As follow:

1. length, meter
2. temperature, Kelvin
3. electrical current, Ampere 
4. time, second
5. Mass, kilogram

In this level, you should be able to understand there are seven (7) base quantity. It comes from the above five plus
     6.  Luminous Intensity, Candela
     7.  Mole, mol.

Table below shows SI and Non-SI units:

Since aviation engineer need to be familiar with both SI and fps system, they should be able to change from one sytem to another. Some common unit conversion must be in your mind. For example kindly refer table below:

Physics EASA Syllabus Module 2 (B1)

These EASA module pages provide subject lists to guide you through the regulations.  Exams can be taken at A, B1 or B2 level, it is best to take at the higher level to prevent having to re-take later.

here are given the syllabus  for EASA module 2 (physics)